Abstract:China is one of the countries that suffer most severe flood and drought disasters in the world, flood prevention and drought relief are great significance. Rampant economy development and construction of water conservancy projects have been resulting in the change of human-water relationship, even lead to some negative effects to societies. To address the problems, the history and current situation of flood prevention and drought relief in China are studied; the issues on flood prevention and drought relief are summarized. Consequently, a general concept of human-water harmony is proposed. This paper introduces the application of human-water harmony in the work of flood prevention and drought resistance. Based on the view of human-water harmony and issues in the work of flood prevention and drought resistance, this paper offers suggestions, including changing the guiding ideology, regulating human activities, attaching importance to ecological reconstruction and establishing flood and drought disasters management system, in the hope of changing of the conception and work pattern of flood prevention and drought resistance, improving harmony of people and natural in China.