Abstract: Weining County of Guizhou Province is a typical karst mountain area, with unique geographical location, climatic characteristics, hydrological structure and underlying surface properties, coupled with low water resources utilization and frequent drought disasters, and is one of the typical drought-prone areas in Guizhou Province. From the aspects of physical geography topography, climate condition, water resources endowment and status of water projects, causes of drought susceptibility are analyzed. It is pointed out that factors such as low rainfall, large evaporation, uneven distribution of water resources, prominent water shortage and engineering water shortage are the main reasons for the frequent occurrence of drought disasters in Weining County. After field research, emergency countermeasures in drought periods are proposed, and measures of drought prevention and control are summarized, so as to provide reference for drought mitigation in drought-prone areas of Karst.