Abstract: There are currently 8 186 hidden danger points for sudden geological disasters in Beijing, which seriously threaten the safety of people's lives and property, and constrain the development of the social economy. Due to the sudden and hidden nature of geological disasters, they have become difficult and key points in disaster prevention and reduction work. In recent years, the occurrence of geological disasters is affected by extreme weather. In order to implement the requirements of the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction system and reduce the harm of geological disasters, this paper collects and collates four kinds of sudden geological disasters such as collapse, landslide, debris flow and ground collapse, which occurred in Beijing from 2013 to 2022. Through mathematical statistics, the distribution pattern of geological disasters is studied and analyzed in detail from the two dimensions of time and space. On this basis, the two major triggering factors of geological disasters, namely rainfall and unreasonable human engineering activities, were discussed and analyzed. Targeted prevention and control measures were proposed from five aspects: improving survey accuracy, conducting early identification, fully exerting the role of mass measurement and prevention, improving professional monitoring of slope disasters, and doing a good job in predicting geological disaster trends.